Equilibrium between phases: Vapor-liquid equilibrium, Partial pressures, Dalton’s, Raoult’s and Henry’s laws. Enthalpy and material balance. Techniques of distillation: flash distillation, differential distillation, rectification, reflux ratio. Batch and Continuous rectification. Real plates and packed columns. McCabe& Thiele method for determining the number of theoretical plates for a given separation. Underwood and Fenske equations.

Distillation is the most widely used method and the key operation in any oil refinery. The aim of this course is to present basic tools (equilibrium systems) and theoretical knowledge on distillation. - deal with liquid/vapor equilibrium data - perform heat and mass balance on a distillation unit - determine the number of theoritical plates of a distillation column for a given seperation depending on the reflux ratio - calculate the minimum number of of theoritical plates of a distillation column for a given seperation - calculate a minimum ratio reflux for a given separation.

Fundamentals and Principles, Andrzej Go´rak, Eva Sorensen, Elsevier, 2014